In terms of HVAC systems, air leakage is when outside air penetrates your home or building via cracks, holes, or other fractures. Likewise, air generated by your HVAC can also exit your home or building through those same gaps. In either situation, air leakage can cause indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort problems, e.g., excessive cooling or lack of heating during winter.
(Source: NC State University)
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